Projeto de arquitetura paisagista: Clichy-Batignolles Paris, a resposta a ambições políticas e aos novos desafios urbanos

A cidade resulta de fatores sociais, das políticas urbanas, das dinâmicas económicas e dos valores ambientais, no espaço e no tempo. Compreender a complexidade do seu funcionamento permite ao arquiteto paisagista interagir com ela. O projeto de Clichy-Batignolles, objeto do presente estudo, surge como resposta às problemáticas da cidade, enquanto metrópole de dimensão mundial, de políticas urbanas associadas à competitividade e à atratividade de pessoas e atividades económicas. O projeto integra o parque Martin Luther King senda a referência de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável e ecológico de Paris. A visão metabólica, que o projeto integra, concilia habitação, mobilidade, ecologia, sustentabilidade e experiência de Natureza, que a extensão da aglomeração urbana transformou em necessidade básica. A cidade ecológica impõe-se às politicas urbanas. É neste contexto de crise ambiental, económica e social que a arquitetura paisagista se posiciona no centro dos grandes desafios contemporâneos da evolução das cidades; Abstract: Landscape Architecture Project: Clichy-Batignolles Paris, the answer to policies ambitions and urban new challenges The city is a result social factors, urban policies, economical dynamics and environmental values, in space and time. Understanding the complexity of its mechanism allows the landscape architect to interact with it. The Clichy-Batignolles urban project, the subject of the present study, is a response to the problematic issues of the metropolitan worldwide city, in which competitiveness and attractiveness urban policies are created to attract people and economical activities. The project incorporates the Martin Luther King park and is the reference of ecological and sustainable development in Paris. The metabolic vision of the project conciliates habitation, mobility, ecology, sustainability and Nature experience, which the urban concentration length as transformed in basic living needs. The ecological city is imposed to the megacities urban policies. In this environmental, economic and social crisis context, landscape architecture occupies a center position in the contemporary challenges of cities evolution.

Between the centre and the margins: Services location, economic (re)structuring and quality of life in metropolitan periurban areas.

This paper aims to discuss the specificities of the role of services in the economic structuring and in the social liveliness and attractiveness of periurban areas. Drawing upon on the result of an empirical work developed in 5 different parishes of Lisbon Metropolitan area, which represent five categories of periurban spaces previously identified, it is analysed the role of services in these “in-between” territories and the way they are important in the spatial economic structuring of these areas and in the quality of life and well-being of their inhabitants and users. A tentative typology for framing the analysis of the role of services on periurban metropolitan spaces is suggested and some policy implications are pointed out.

Urban Identity and tourism:different looks, one single place

‘Urban identity’ is high on the policy agenda and pervades the discourse of the planning community on the value of historical city centres. Unfortunately, there seems to be, until today, no proposal in scholarly literature of any unified conceptual framework or any tools to make identity operational. ‘Tourism’ takes advantage of this process, by seeking the qualities of the place, its authenticity and its perceived uniqueness that is grounded on the physical features as well as on the presence of local communities – their way of living and investing in the place. The interdependence between identity as perceived by tourists (external observer) and the identity of the residents rooted in the relationship with the place (in-group) are key to addressing the identity of historic urban areas. These issues are addressed in the context of the growing attractiveness of Lisbon, Portugal, using a historic neighbourhood as a case study. The findings, which are on a set of interviews with different groups of users, showed the points of convergence and divergence between the different groups’ views of the neighbourhood’s identity. This actor-oriented approach is pivotal to understanding the process and to produce knowledge for informed action.